CLAUSES

1.      I know the woman singing the song. ( adj. clause )

2.      Was it raining when we went out ? ( adv. clause )

3.      I don’t know what was the subject of the discussion. ( noun clause )

4.      The students speaking English are from the science program. ( adj. clause )

5.      Did anyone ask questions when the bell rang ? ( adv. clause )

6.      I am just wondering why you keep silent. ( noun clause )

7.      You should not tell that story to whomever you wish. ( noun clause )

8.      People say what goes up must come down. ( noun clause )

9.      Some guests invited to the party can’t come. ( adj. clause )

10.  Why do you speak before you think it careully ? ( adv. clause )

11.  The school will be renovated. The gate of the school is white.

The school which the gate is white will be renovated.

12.  Is the man our English teacher ? He rides on a silver Honda Jazz.

Is the man who rides on a silver Honda Jazz our teacher Engish ?

13.  I know the lady. A thief stole her purse yesterday.

I know the lady whose a thief stole her purse yesterday.

14.  This test must be finished in 45 minutes. It is about clauses in English.

This test which is about clauses in English must be finished in 45 minutes.

15.  They are the naughty boys. We saw them running accros the street.

They are those naughty boys whom we saw running accros the street.

16.  Will the SSC try out be tested next week ? You are going to have it.

Will the SSC try out which you are going to have be tested ?

17.  Those presents are rejected by the post offices. They are not wrapped properly.

Those presents which are not wrapped properly are rejected by the post offices.

18.  The stubborn students are sent back home. Their school uniform is not batik.

The stubborn students whose school uniform is not batik are sent back home.

19.  Geometry seems a very dull subject. We know nothing about it.

Geometry which we know nothing about seems a very dull subject.

20.  The headmaster deserves popularity. His life has been devoted to this school.

The headmaster whose life has been devoted to this school deserves popularity.

PARTICIPLE

1.      Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock. ( active part. replaces when/while)

2.      Having been arrested, the girl confessed her mistake. ( active part. replace after)

3.      Influenced by his friends, he become a naughty boy. ( passive part. replaces bec./since/as/for )

4.      Armed with modern guns, Densus 88 sorrounded the building. ( passive part. replaces bec./since/as/for )

5.      The police weretalking a badly damaged bus from the deep ravine. ( passive part. precedes noun )

6.      Having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. ( active part. replaces after )

7.      The mabnager sent a short note informing him that he would be fired. ( active part. follows noun )

8.      The man beaten by some people had stolen something from the shop. ( passive part. follows noun )

9.      The sinking shipwas not Queen Mary. It was Titanic. ( active part. precedes noun )

10.  The teacher found  them cheating in the class. ( actice part. follows verb of perception )

11.  We saw them (steal ) stealing something from the shop. ( active part. follows verb of perception )

12.  ( After we have been told ) Having been told to work alone we began to finish the test. ( active part. replaces after )

13.  ( Because he was humilited by this friends ) Being humilited by his friends, he felt under confident. ( active part. replaces bec./since/as/for )

14.  (Drift) Drifted by the window, the falling leaves all seem colourfull. ( active part. replaces bec./since/as/for )

15.  The (interest) interesting story book children was written by J.K. Rowling. ( active part. precedes noun )

16.  ( When I walk along the Malioboro street) Walking along the Malioboro street I saw a traffic accident. (active part. replaces when/while )

17.  ( After he had told his children wisely ) Having told his children wisely he died suddenly. ( active part. replaces after )

18.  They were dismissed out of the class ( because thwy were caught cheating ) being caught cheating. (active part. replaces bec./since/as/for )

19.  ( Ignore their teacher’s warning ) Ignoring by them of teacher’s warning those students did not pass the final exam. ( passive part. replaces bec./since/as/for)

20.  She could not do the English test ( because she watched TV late at night ) being watching TV late at night. ( active part. replaces after )

KEMENTERIAN

	KEMENTERIAN	MINITRIES	MINISTERS
	MENTERI KOORDINATOR	COORDINATING MINISTER
	1. Menko Politik Hukum dan Keamanan 2. Menko Perekonomian 3. Menko Kesra 4. Sekretaris Negara	1. Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal and Security 2. Coordinating Minister for Economy 3. Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare 4. Secretary of State	1. Menko Politik Hukum dan Keamanan : Marsekal (Purn) Djoko Suyanto 2. Menko Perekonomian : Hatta Rajasa 3. Menko Kesra : R Agung Laksono 4. Sekretaris Negara : Sudi Silalahi
	MENTERI DEPARTEMEN	MINISTER DEPARTMENT
	1. Menteri Dalam Negeri 2. Menteri Luar Negeri 3. Menteri Pertahanan  4. Menteri Hukum dan HAM 5. Menteri Keuangan 6. Menteri ESDM 7. Menteri Perindustrian 8. Menteri Perdagangan 9. Menteri Pertanian 10. Menteri Kehutanan 11. Menteri Perhubungan 12. Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan 13. Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi 14. Menteri Pekerjaan Umum 15. Menteri Kesehatan 16. Menteri Pendidikan Nasional 17. Menteri Sosial 18. Menteri Agama 19. Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata 20. Menteri Komunikasi dan Informasi	1. Minister of Home Affairs 2. Minister of Foreign Affairs 3. Secretary of Defense   4. Minister of Justice and Human Rights 5. Minister of Finance 6. Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources 7. Minister of Industry 8. Minister of Trade 9. Minister of Agriculture 10. Minister of Forestry 11. Minister of Transportation 12. Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 13. Minister of Manpower and Transmigration 14. Minister of Public Works 15. Minister of Health 16. Minister of National Education 17. Minister of Social Affairs 18. Minister of Religion 19. Minister of Culture and Tourism 20. Minister of Communication and Information	1. Menteri Dalam Negeri : Gamawan Fauzi 2. Menteri Luar Negeri : Marty Natalegawa 3. Menteri Pertahanan : Purnomo Yusgiantoro 4. Menteri Hukum dan HAM : Patrialis Akbar 5. Menteri Keuangan : Sri Mulyani 6. Menteri ESDM: Darwin Saleh 7. Menteri Perindustrian : MS Hidayat 8. Menteri Perdagangan : Mari E. Pangestu 9. Menteri Pertanian : Suswono 10. Menteri Kehutanan : Zulkifli Hasan 11. Menteri Perhubungan : Freddy Numberi 12. Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan : Fadel Muhammad 13. Menteri Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi : Muhaimin Iskandar 14. Menteri Pekerjaan Umum : Djoko Kirmanto 15. Menteri Kesehatan : Endang Rahayu Setianingsih 16. Menteri Pendidikan Nasional : Mohammad Nuh 17. Menteri Sosial : Salim Segaf Al Jufri 18. Menteri Agama : Suryadharma Ali 19. Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata : Jero Wacik 20. Menteri Komunikasi dan Informasi : Tifatul Sembiring
	MENTERI NEGARA	STATE MINISTER
	1. Menteri Riset dan Teknologi : Suharna Suryapranata 2. Menteri Koperasi dan UKM : Syarifudin Hasan 3. Menteri Lingkungan Hidup : Gusti Muhammad Hatta 4. Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak: Linda Amalia Sari 5. Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara : E.E Mangindaan 6. Menteri Negara Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal : Ahmad Helmy Faishal Zaini 7. Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional : Armida Alisjahbana 8. Menteri BUMN : Mustafa Abubakar 9. Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga 10. Menteri Perumahan Rakyat :rso Manoarfa	1. Minister of Research and Technology: 2. Minister of Cooperatives and SMEs: 3. Environment Minister: 4. Minister of Women Empowerment and Child Protection: 5. Minister of Administrative Reform: 6. State Minister for Development of Disadvantaged Regions: 7. Minister for National Development Planning: 8. SOE Minister: 9. Minister of Youth and Sports: 10. Minister of Public Housing:	1. Menteri Riset dan Teknologi : Suharna Suryapranata 2. Menteri Koperasi dan UKM : Syarifudin Hasan 3. Menteri Lingkungan Hidup : Gusti Muhammad Hatta 4. Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak: Linda Amalia Sari 5. Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara : E.E Mangindaan 6. Menteri Negara Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal : Ahmad Helmy Faishal Zaini 7. Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional : Armida Alisjahbana 8. Menteri BUMN : Mustafa Abubakar 9. Menteri Pemuda dan Olahraga : Andi Alfian Mallarangeng 10. Menteri Perumahan Rakyat : Suharso Manoarfa
	PEJABAT SETINGKAT MENTERI	OFFICERS ministerial-level
	1. Kepala BIN 2. Kepala BKPM 3. Ketua Unit Kerja Presiden Pengawasan Pengedalian Pembangunan	1. head BIN 2. head of BKPM 3. Chairman of the Presidential Working Unit Development Supervision Pengedalian	1. Kepala BIN: Jenderal (Purn) Sutanto 2. Kepala BKPM: Gita Wirjawan 3. Ketua Unit Kerja Presiden Pengawasan Pengedalian Pembangunan: Kuntoro Mangkusubroto
	Pejabat Negara
	1. Ketua Unit Kerja Presiden Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan 2. Kepala BIN (Badan Intelijen Negara 3. Kepala BKPM (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal)	1. Chairman of the Presidential Work Unit Monitoring and Control of Development 2. Head NIA (National Intelligence Agency 3. Head of BKPM (Investment Coordinating Board)	1. Ketua Unit Kerja Presiden Pengawasan dan Pengendalian Pembangunan: Kuntoro Mangkusubroto 2. Kepala BIN (Badan Intelijen Negara): Jenderal Pol Purn Sutanto 3. Kepala BKPM (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal): Gita Wirjawan

Lutung Kasarung

Lutung Kasarung

West Java - Indonesia

Lutung Kasar

As retold by Samsuni

Lutung Kasarung is a poem well known in Sundanese society in West Java, Indonesia. The poem tells about the journey of Sanghyang Guruminda from heaven to earth in which he turns into a lutung, a long-tailed black monkey. On earth, he gets lost in a jungle, thus the name Lutung Kasarung (The Lost Monkey). There he meets Purbasari, an expelled princess. Despite his monkey form, Lutung Kasarung gets married with the princess. How does it come? Find out in the following story of Lutung Kasarung. 

***

In ancient time in West Java, there lived a wise king called Prabu Tapa Agung who reigned in Pasir Batang Kingdom. The king fathered seven daughters; each of them had an unbearably beautiful look. They were Purbararang, Purbadewata, Purbaendah, Purbakancana, Purbamanik, and the youngest, Purbasari. Of the princesses, five of them were already married and being queens for other kingdoms. Only Purbararang and Purbasari were yet to get married. Purbararang, however, had already had a fiancé, a well-built and agreeable man called Raden Indrajaya. He was a son of one of the king’s ministers.

In the last few days, Prabu Tapa Agung often sat alone looking mourning on his throne. There seemed to be a big problem in his mind. So the queen tried to talk to him.

“My husband, you’ve been looking sad for days. What is it bothering you? Maybe I can help,” asked the queen in a soothing voice.

“Oh, honey, I am getting old. I could no longer lead this kingdom well. I've been thinking of stepping down. But..." said Prabu Tapa Agung.

“But what, my husband?” asked the queen again.

Prabu Tapa Agung told her that he could not yet decide which one of Purbabarang and Purbasari would succeed him. According to the reigning traditional law, the most rightful successor would be Princess Purbabarang as she was the oldest daughter. But the king himself did not think she would fit the position, knowing her traits. She was an arrogant, boastful, and sly woman. Purbabarang frequently made a tactless decision that caused bad situations. The king preferred his youngest daughter to replace him. Contrary to her sister, she was kind, wise, and clever. In the end, the king made up his mind. Purbasari would be queen once he retired.

Purbabarang refused the decision. She could not accept that her father favored Purbasari over her. Feeling she deserved to be queen, Purbabarang lamented the bad news to her fiancé.

“My father is being unfair. He is planning to crown Purbasari instead of me. I am his oldest child for God’s sake,” moaned the princess.

Raden Indrajaya, Purbabarang’s fiancé, became angry at once.

“It can’t happen that way. You’re the real queen!” shouted him.

“What do we do?” Purbabarang panicked.

“We need to get rid of your impudent sister,” said Indrajaya.

After a long discussion, they decided to see a psychic, Ni Ronde. They asked her for help to cast a spell on Purbasari.

Several days later, Pasir Batang Palace burst into a tumult. All of a sudden, Princess Purbasari was struck by a bizarre illness. She felt itchy all over her body and there were black spots on her skin. The king was surprised to see his dearest princess' condition. He called a few medicine men right away but she did not get better. Purbabarang, meanwhile, took advantage of the adversity. She urged her father to send Purbasari into exile.

“Father, maybe this is what we get when we don’t comply with our tradition. The ancestors must be offended and cursing Purbasari. I’m afraid our entire kingdom will get the curse too,” reasoned Purbabarang.

Prabu Tapa Agung was coaxed. Reluctantly, he moved his youngest daughter to the forest to ensure that the kingdom would stay safe. Purbasari realized she did not have any other choices than to accept everything.

The king commanded his prime minister, Uwak Batara Lengser, to take Purbasari to the jungle. After making a hut for the princess deep in the wood, the kind-hearted prime minister advised the princess, “Be patient, Princess. This hardship shall end soon, may God protect you. I will come here every now and then to deliver food and drink. You’d better take a rest now.”

“Thank you, Uncle. Your word calms me down,” said Purbasari.

Since then, Purbasari lived alone in the jungle. To amuse herself, every morning she took a stroll around to see the landscape and have fun with the animals. In only a few days, she had already made a lot of friends. The animals were so kind to her. They helped the princess to get fruits.

One day, while Purbasari was playing around with the animals, someone was staring from afar. It turned out that he was a lutung, black monkey. He came over to the hut before long. The princess was taken aback when she realized a scary creature standing beside her.

“What are you doing, monkey? Please leave!” Purbasari looked scared.

“Don’t be afraid of me, Princess. I won’t do any harm,” answered the monkey.

Purbasari was even more frightened to know that the monkey could speak like human.

“Who are you?” she asked timidly.

“My name is Guruminda, the son of Sunan Ambu who dwells in heaven. I did something bad that I was expelled to earth in this body,” the monkey explained.

The princess calmed down. Asking no more questions, she smiled and introduced herself. Their situation was almost similar as both were expelled to the jungle. They soon became good friends. Since then, Purbasari called the monkey Lutung Kasarung, meaning the lost monkey. Wherever the princess went, the monkey was behind her. He helped her pick fruits every time she felt hungry.

On a full-moon night, quietly Lutung Kasarung went to a tranquil place to meditate. There, he begged God to help Princess Purbasari get rid of her illness. Not long after that, the ground on which he sat turned into a pond. The water was so pure, fresh, and fragrant. When the sun beamed its light at daybreak, Lutung rushed to see Purbasari to take her to the pond.

“Hey, Tung!” Purbasari was confused.

“Where are you taking me to? Oh, here. What a beautiful pond that is.”

“Get in the water, Princess. It will cure you,” said Lutung Kasarung.

Purbasari slowly walked into the water. Miraculously, just a moment after she soaked herself in the pond, the black spots on her skin disappeared, leaving no traces whatsoever. Her skin was back clean and immaculate as it had used to. She was speechless, being amazed and happy at the same time.

“Thank you, Tung. Very kind of you,” said her gratefully.

What happened that morning only made Purbasari love the monkey more. Never did she complain about living with him and other animals in the jungle. Her heart had meld with the jungle life, forgetting her real home.

One day, Prime Minister Uwak Batara Lengser visited her and got taken aback to know that the princess had got rid of her illness. He then tried to take her back to the palace.

“My Princess, for the sake of your father, would you come back to our palace?” said the prime minister.

Deep inside her heart, Purbasari felt so hard to leave the jungle. But then she realized that it was not her place to be with the animals and that she was more needed in the palace.

“Well, Uncle, let's go back home. But on one condition, you have to let me bring Lutung along. He has helped me greatly that I won’t be able to thank him enough,” said the princess.

“As you wish, my Princess. I think the king would love to see that monkey,” said the prime minister.

Princess Purbasari went back to the palace with Prime Minister Uwak Batara Lengser and Lutung Kasarung. There they were welcomed cheerfully by the whole palace, except Princess Purbararang and Raden Indrajaya. While the others were laughing and crying in happiness, the mean couple was busy devising another plan.

“Father, I don’t agree with your decision to enthrone Purbasari. I am your most rightful heir. For justice, Father, I urge you to hold a contest. The winner will get the throne, the loser will get hanged,” said Purbararang.

No matter how he did not like the idea, for justice Prabu Tapa Agung granted Purbararang’s wish. There was going to be two contests: cooking contest and long-hair contest. Urged by her father, Purbasari accepted the challenge.

“Don’t you worry, Princess! I sure will help you,” whispered Lutung Kasarung.

“Thanks, Lutung. I hope you will,” answered Purbasari.

On the given day, the people of Pasir Batang gathered in the palace court to see the contest. Not long after, the two daughters of Prabu Tapa Agung came up. The first was cooking contest, in which the tastier food would determine the winner.

When ready, a gong was hit to start the contest. Purbararang promptly prepared the spices, helped by tens of royal servants. Purbasari, on the contrary, tried to do things as quick as she could with only Lutung Kasarung lending her a hand. Soon after, Purbararang was almost done. She seemed happy to see her sister start panicking. But then, Lutung used his supernatural power. He called some heaven's fairies to get down to earth and help Purbasari. Nobody could see them. Aided by the fairies, Purbasari finished cooking in time with much tastier food. She finally came out as the winner.

Going on to the second contest, in which their hair-lengths would be compared, Purbabarang was confident. She untied her hair to show how long it was. The princess’ hair was dark and thick and hung to below her knees.

“Come on, Purbasari! Show me your hair! You won’t win again this time!” said Purbararang arrogantly.

Purbasari bowed her head, speechless. Her hair was no more than waist long.

“Why quiet, Princess?” asked Lutung Kasarung who stood beside her.

“Well I’m losing this one, Lutung,” whispered Purbasari.

“Don’t you worry, Princess. I will call some fairies to make your hair longer,” said the monkey.

Not long after Lutung Kasarung meditated, another flock of fairies came to lengthen Purbasari’s hair without anybody noticing. When the princess untied her hair, everyone was amazed. It was a dark, sparkling, soft hair hung loose to her heels. Purbararang could not believe what she just saw. She was embarrassed and shocked as her sister got the better of her again. But she did not run out of ideas at all. She called on his father for another contest: which one was handsomer between the princess’ men.

“If Purbasari wins again, I won’t mind to get hanged,” said Purbararang in front of the people.

Prabu Tapa Agung was not sure about the contest as Purbasari had not had any men with her yet. If some random man was commanded to be her fiancé at the time, he could not be handsomer than Indrajaya. Purbasari, however, was willing to take the challenge. The king nodded his head.

Proudly, Purbabarang came out on the stage holding Indrajaya’s arm. “O, people of Pasir Batang! Have a look at my fiancé, Indrajaya! I will sure be queen of this kingdom, won’t I?” exclaimed Purbararang.

Everyone would agree that Indrajaya was indeed a charming man. Nobody could match his look. They were sure that Purbasari would lose this time, moreover when she awkwardly got on the stage with Lutung Kasarung.

“This is my future husband!” said Purbasari proudly.

“Yes, this monkey is my fiancé!” she yelled again.

Purbararang, Indrajaya, and the rest of people laughed at the seemingly disturbed princess.

“Hey, Purbasari! Isn’t there any handsomer monkey than that one?” mocked Purbararang.

Lutung Kasarung was insulted. He could not stand seeing Purbasari being a subject of despising laughter. He tried to gather power to turn into his original form. Apparently, after what he did to Purbasari, heaven forgave all his wrongdoings. A moment later, he changed into the charismatic and handsome Guruminda. Everybody was mesmerized by his look, including Purbasari herself.

With Purbasari winning the contest, she inherited the throne of the kingdom. Purbasari and Indrajaya should be hanged for losing but Purbasari did not have the heart to do that. She did not want to kill her own sister. She cancelled the punishment and let her sister stay in the palace with her.

Purbasari became the Queen of Pasir Batang Kingdom. She was known to be a wise leader in his prosperous and peaceful homeland.

***

Lutung Kasarung, like normally folklore stories, contains morals. There are at least two things we could learn from the above story: 1) we should never look down on other people, and 2) we should be willing to forgive and give up grudges.

Purbararang challenges Purbasari to fight for the kingdom’s throne, thinking her younger sister will not be able to do anything to beat her. Surprisingly, Purbasari does with the help of Lutung Kasarung. As a result, Purbararang is threatened with hanging.  Indeed, we should not look down on anybody. Here is a passage from the Malay verses of wisdom:

Later on, Purbasari does not hold a grudge for her sister, even after she gets hurt. She forgives Purbararang, sets her free from hanging, and lets her stay with her in the palace. It is with forgivingness like this that a family should keep themselves from disputes and enmity.

References:

http://id.wikipedia.org/, retrieved on August 28, 2009.

http://www.kasundaan.org/, retrieved on August 28, 2009.

http://www.freewebs.com/. retrieved on August 28, 2009.

http://www.bali-directory.com/ retrieved on August 28, 2009.

Tenas Effendy. 2006. Tunjuk Ajar Melayu. Yogyakarta: Center for Research and Development of Malay Culture in cooperation with AdiCita Karya Nusa Publisher.